What is Kidney Failure ?

The loss of his duties normally the kidney is called kidney failure.

When renal failure develops kidney becomes significant disruptions in the following tasks:

* Harmful (toxic) substances removed from the body through urine
* The removal of excess water
* Blood pressure (hypertension) help to control
* Help to control the production of blood cells
* Bone strengthening the help

One healthy kidney can perform all these tasks. For the formation of complaints and findings of kidney failure in people it is necessary to do the job of both kidneys.

If the performance of these duties brought mAsIndAki progressive and irreversible disruption as occurred in this case we give the name of chronic renal failure. However, if the job loss occurs within hours or days to come, and if the possibility of turning back, we call this state of acute renal failure.

What is the importance of the distinction between chronic and acute renal failure?

Acute renal failure, the role of the kidney occurred within a very short time and irreversible loss of function is possible.

Timely recognized, and later in life to do the proper treatment of patients with kidney can work entirely normal. In addition, chronic renal failure, inflammatory diseases, intervening during the course of the disease in patients who were followed up because some drugs, with various situations in kidney duties loss hızlandırabilirv still timely intervention, such as excessive water loss, it may be possible to stop the rapid progress.

RENAL FAILURE DUE TO WHAT ARE THE RESULTS?

"How do we know that kidney disease in ourselves?" the question, "can easily understand that?" It is very difficult to answer. Unfortunately, both signs of the disease is not unique, as well as most tasks kezböbrek loss of 1% of normal occur unless they 're up to Him.

cramps, shortness of breath, sleep disorder, consult a doctor because of sexual disorders. In fact, most times it does not need to consult the doctor and the patient, but is remembered when developing major disorders later considered. The main reasons for this are:

* Accumulation of excessive amounts of water and various waste products in the body
* As a result of the destruction of proteins occurring substances that can not be excreted
* Malnutrition
* Hormonal imbalances

What causes kidney failure?

There are many diseases which cause renal failure. However, the most common reasons are as follows:
* Glomerulonephritis
Diabetes (diabetes mellitus)
* Familial disease (polycystic kidney disease, etc.).
* Hypertension
* Amyloidosis
* Blockage in the urinary tract

What is glomerulonephritis?

In particular, the situation is the inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney are more affected. However, there is not a single disease, there are several types. Usually do not cause a disturbance hastadabelirg; but the diagnosis is made after determining impairment of urine tests. In some patients, excess protein in the urine (albumin) as defined by loss and bloating "nephrotic syndrome" can lead. These events usually develops slowly, but sometimes days or glomerulonephritis may develop within hours. If so developed are acute glomerulonephritis name. All forms of glomerulonephritis does not progress to chronic renal failure. Some improvement in the treatment of disease glomerulonephritis, it is possible to slow the progression is in part. Renal biopsy for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the planning should be done.

What is polycystic kidney disease?

Polycystic kidney disease that causes kidney failure is one of the most frequent familial disease. This interior is filled with clear liquid in kidney disease, has given vesicle cyst in çoksayı name. Kidney cysts found outside of polycystic kidney disease. Cystic disease of the kidney as a domestic and family pass cystic diseases can be divided into two groups. The family as we said polycystic kidney disease is divided into dominant and recessive last type. Simple renal cysts are one or many may be the most common cyst. The incidence increases with age and often without causing any complaints, is determined randomly in the examinations. Apart from that kidney patients and dialysis patients has also increased the frequency of cysts seen. Polycystic kidney disease usually manifest in adulthood. Kidney cysts as well as cysts in the liver, brain damarlarındabalonlaş Up (aneurysm), and hypertension. The disease can yolaçma the complaint and can be detected in coincidence with the investigation or family assessment tools. Blood in the urine can be detected at an early stage, but examination of the urine (hematuria) and may proteins. Besides pain, bleeding, may lead to symptoms such as inflammation. Hypertension is one of the early signs. Renal failure has approximately 5O% of patients with hypertension. Cysts in the liver and renal cysts usually develop after yaşlagörül frequency increases. Liver cysts are usually not seen the complaint and does not cause disturbances in liver tests. Brain aneurysms in the vessel (ballooning) is less than 5% of patients görülür.genellikl 5 mm and do not cause bleeding. Diagnosis, family history, and ultrasonography are placed by the presence of renal cysts. In children with polycystic kidney disease in the risk of developing the disease is 50%. Therefore, parents may benefit from genetic counseling.

Diabetes (diabetes) What is this?

Diabetes (diabetes) as a result of ineffectiveness in the lack of the hormone insulin, which regulates blood sugar or tissue is developing a disease affecting many organs.

How is the diagnosis of diabetes?

1. Fasting blood sugar at least twice L26 mg / dL and above
2. Multi-drinking, going so urine, along with symptoms such as eating too much blood sugar of 200 mg / dL or above
3. Sugar loading test the second hour blood glucose 200 mg / dL or greater Diabetes affects many organs, but the most commonly affected organs and systems are:
1. Eye
2. Kidneys
3. Heart-damarsiste me
4. Nervous System

Eye in diabetes:

Respectively dilated blood vessels and small ballooning, stuffings increased vascular permeability, vascular occlusion, new vessel formation, bleeding in the eye may occur. Vision loss can develop over time. Review of the intensity of this change is increased with the blood glucose values.

In diabetes the cardiovascular system:

Diabetes, vascular narrowing (atherosclerosis) and its associated coronary artery disease, heart attack, vascular disease in the legs or arms, gangrene, renal events, such as narrowing of the vessels increases. Also commonly found in patients with hypertension, diabetes also increases these events.

Nerves in diabetes:

Just as one or more nerve affected kidney seen as in failure. Also analogously to the stomach, intestine, regulate the functioning of organs such as the bladder nerves may also be affected. Patients with numbness in hands and feet, cramps, burning pain may be in style. Reduction or loss of sensation and pain sensation due to the influence of nerve injury prevents unnoticed. Therefore sugar in patients with wounds in the feet can easily develop.

How will that affect the kidneys in diabetes?

Renal failure due to diabetes is the leading cause of kidney failure in many countries. The increasing number of elderly people with diabetes increase the life expectancy of patients, this rate is increasing.

Stages of infection in the kidneys in diabetic patients

Stage 1: increased kidney size and filtering task.
Stage 2: the filtration functions of the kidney normal or increased.
Stage 3 begins to emerge protein in the urine. This period is the most important period.

Progress with interventions during this period can be prevented.
Stage 4: Now it has become evident loss of urine protein (over 300 mg per day) is generally found with high blood pressure.
Stage 5: The period in which the advent of renal failure. Filtering function of the kidneys is reduced.

What are the factors that facilitate the progression of renal disease in diabetes?
* Familial predisposition
* The presence of hypertension
* Proteinuria (urine protein loss)
* Blood glucose height
* Cigarette smoking

What measures can be taken against kidney disease in diabetes?

Decrease of blood glucose control and the development of good renal disease, and also slows the progression. Hypertension has an important role in the progression of the disease. Diastolic blood pressure in Şekerhasta (diastolic pressure) to keep the value of less than 85 mmHg, is important in the prevention of events due to the disturbance of the heart and blood vessels. Hypertension drug selection is important in diabetic patients has been shown to provide some control of blood pressure drugs as well as beneficial effects on kidney was. It should be noted in diabetic patients can develop kidney failure due to other reasons.

WHICH AFFECTED SYSTEMS IN CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE?

Nervous system

Psychiatric disorders

Renal insufficiency and in patients with the disease itself, and is also applied to a significant cause of stress treatment, psychiatric problems are common. The difficulty of compliance with diet causes significant psychological stress in the week (low-salt, low-protein and water restrictions, especially in dialysis patients) and treatment is dependence. Depression is the most common psychological problems. Hopelessness, hired me feeling sore, can be signs such as eating and sleeping disorders. In addition anxiety (discomfort), can be seen in psychiatric disorders, sexual disorders. Brain abnormalities and abnormalities in nerve conduction in patients with renal yetmeziikl one of the most common nervous system of the affected system. These disorders may occur in patients not yet on dialysis, as in dialysis patients.

Impairment of consciousness due to kidney failure:

Acute or chronic renal failure patients with central nervous system (brain, spinal cord, cerebellum) where it belongs is used to describe a variety of symptoms and complaints. It usually occurs in very advanced renal failure. Sleep trends, location of event, and mixing time, consciousness, up to nöbettenko develop progressive symptoms. In addition, slurred speech, muscle spasms may be.

Dialysis-related disorders:

Not itself of kidney disease, but it may be some discomfort due to dialysis.

1. Dialysis due to imbalance syndrome: usually seen in young patients treated with hemodialysis. More recently started sıktır.baş pain in patients on dialysis, nausea, vomiting, muscle twitching, visual disturbances, hypertension, tremors of the hands, symptoms such as seizures occur.
2. depending on dialysis dementia
3. deterioration in mental function

Nerve conduction disorders:

What may appear as a single nerve or multiple affected nerves. Felt the reduction of friction and sharp objects, power reduction, itching, pain, can cause symptoms such as burning sensation.

Other nervous system disorders:

When they stand up again depending on nerve involvement may develop low blood pressure. So when the patient stands up blood pressure falls and dizziness, can cause symptoms such as dizziness. Sweating disorders Furthermore, the continuous low blood pressure, disorders of the heart rate, the study may be various symptoms such as gastrointestinal disorders.

Heart and blood vessels:

Inflammation of the pericardium (pericarditis):

Near the membrane that surrounds the heart and vessels (pericardium) is inflamed. Microbial reasons such as kidney failure can develop as a result of itself, tuberculosis (TB) or directly develop due to various diseases affecting these membranes. Chest pain, especially in the supine to the increasing shortness of breath, can cause symptoms such as heart beats disorder. Heart failure and coronary heart disease linked to heart disease, kidney failure, more heart muscle or heart disorders seen in the work required in the form of lack of blood flow. Complaints of heart disease, chest pain, shortness of breath, body swelling (edema), may be in various shapes such as heart failure.

Treatment of heart disease are:

* Eliminate the factors that cause heart disease to
* Blood pressure control
* Lowering serum fat levels
* Smoking cessation
* Control of causes related to kidney failure
* Anemia Treatment
* Prevention and treatment of overwork the parathyroid glands
* Adequate dialysis
* Nutritional prevention of disorders of
* Selecting the appropriate treatment for kidney failure

High blood pressure (hypertension)

Chronic renal failure is found in approximately 80% of patients with hypertension. Treatment is important to prevent excess fluid in the body also various hypertension medications are available.
Causes of hypertension are:
* Excess water in the body
* Vascular changes
* Accumulation of various wastes
Blood pressure increasing role in the regulation of the operation of some system or decrease
* Erythropoietin therapy

lungs

Chronic renal failure are also etkilenebilir.akcig lung inflammation in various ways and can be seen between the membrane surrounding the lungs of the collected fluid. Chest pain, shortness of breath, fever, cough, sputum findings are suggesting that problems in the lungs.

Blood system

Anemia (anemia)

Anemia, renal failure is a very common problem. Anemia, fatigue, decreased exercise capacity, decrease in mental function and can lead to symptoms such as chills. The causes of anemia seen in renal failure

* Erythropoietin deficiency (named substances that stimulate the production of red blood cells, erythropoietin is made in the kidneys by 90% and therefore can not generate enough body of kidney failure)

* Shortening the life span of red blood cells
* The red blood cells of various substances accumulated in the body due to residual bone marrow (RBC) decreased production

Bleeding and clotting disorders:

Easy bleeding shows herself more body to varying degrees in different regions of bruising or rash. However, epistaxis, gastrointestinal bleeding, such as bleeding into the abdomen may be in more serious. Kidney failure of cells that cause blood clotting tendency to bleeding in patients (platelet) deterioration of their duties, and anemia are related changes in vascular structure changes.

Skeletal system

One of korunmasıdır.böbrek the structure of the bones of the kidney is the most important task that calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D made by the balance between the. Because of these varying levels of vitamins and minerals for bone disease in renal failure develops. The most important causes of bone disease in renal failure reduction of serum calcium levels, serum phosphorus levels increase and decrease in vitamin D production. Bone disease in subjects with various degrees of renal insufficiency appear. Pain in the bones connected to bone disease in chronic kidney disease, fractures and deformities outside, muscle weakness, itching, skin ulcers rarely, small calcium birinti in various organs and tissues (ossification) can be seen.

Digestive system

In renal failure affected many organs of the digestive system.

The mouth and esophagus

The smell of the breath regarding mouth and esophagus may be complaints such as bad taste in the mouth.

Stomach and intestines

Kidney patients can spread throughout the stomach and intestines, shallow ulcers (superficial wounds) and minor bleeding may occur. Inflammation of the stomach and duodenum may seem. The incidence of gastric ulcer incidence is higher than the normal population. Stomach and delayed stomach emptying as a result of disturbances in the operation of the intestinal muscles, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting may occur as complaint.

liver

Inflammation due to the virus in the liver, liver injury due to drugs, the amount of oxygen to the liver, disorders such as damage due to decrease.

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